Z-banding / inconsistent layers
Regular horizontal bands of slightly different width repeat up the print, like a stack of coins.
Needs tuning z banding z wobble banding inconsistent layers
Likely causes
- Bent or misaligned lead screw
- Z-axis binding
- Inconsistent extrusion
- Temperature oscillation
- Loose coupler
How to fix it
- Check the lead screw is straight and clean; add light grease.
- Loosen and re-align the Z nut / anti-backlash coupler.
- Calibrate e-steps and check for a partial clog causing extrusion variation.
- Run a PID tune on the hotend and bed to stabilise temperature.
Work through it in order
The fastest path to a fix
Change one thing at a time and print a small test. Start with the first fix listed — it is the most common cause.